دستورِ زبانِ پارسی

In the substantial genitive, the modifier identifies the material of which the nucleus is made up (cf. substantial composition).

In Persian, the substantial genitive is always endocentric. A substantial genitive phrase (like its nucleus and modifier) is a noun phrases:

کسرا و ترنجِ زر، پرویز و بهِ زرّین

بر باد شده یک‌سر، با خاک شده یک‌سان

Khaqani (12^th Century AD)

راستی خاتمِ فیروزه‌یِ بواسحاقی

خوش درخشید، ولی دولتِ مستعجل بود

Hafez (14^th Century AD)

Substantial genitive phrases can also have a metaphorical meaning:

شادیِ یارِ پری‌چهره بده باده‌یِ ناب!

که میِ لعل دوایِ دلِ غمگین آمد

Hafez (14^th Century AD)

a. Pluralization of Substantial Genitive Phrases

There are two methods for the pluralization of substantial genitive phrases:

1. By pluralizing the nucleus (see 10•۱•a., 10•۳. and 10•۴•a.):
   

   Singular	Plural
   /ʤɒm-e bolur/ جامِ بلور	/ʤɒmhɒ-je bolur/ جام‌هایِ بلور
   /sekkæ-je tælɒ/ سکّه‌یِ طلا	/sekkæhɒ-je tælɒ/ سکّه‌هایِ طلا

2. By using the genitive asyndetically (= without the enclitical conjunction /-e/), and attaching the suffix /-hɒ/ to the genitive phrase (see 10•۱•a.):
   

   Singular	Plural
   /ʤɒm-e bolur/ جامِ بلور	/ʤɒm bolurhɒ/ جام بلورها
   /sekkæ-je tælɒ/ سکّه‌یِ طلا	/sekkæ tælɒhɒ/ سکّه طلاها

b. Definiteness of Substantial Genitive Phrases

The modifier of the substantial genitive is always appellative-indefinite, and the definiteness of the substantial genitive phrase corresponds with the definiteness of the nucleus (see 10•۱•b.).

There are two ways to attach the enclitical article /-i/ to substantial genitive phrases:

1. By attaching the enclitical article /-i/ to the genitive phrase (see 10•۱•b. and 10•۴•b.):
   

   without the enclitical article /-i/	with the enclitical article /-i/
   /ʤɒm-e bolur/ جامِ بلور	/ʤɒm-e bolur-i/ جامِ بلوری
   /sekkæ-je tælɒ/ سکّه‌یِ طلا	/sekkæ-je tælɒ-i/ سکّه‌یِ طلایی

2. By dissolving the genitive. In this case, the original modifier appears as an origative adverbial and attributes the original nucleus:
   

   without the enclitical article /-i/	with the enclitical article /-i/
   /ʤɒm-e bolur/ جامِ بلور	/ʤɒm-i æz bolur/ جامی از بلور
   /sekkæ-je tælɒ/ سکّه‌یِ طلا	/sekkæ-i æz tælɒ/ سکّه‌ای از طلا

The enclitical article /-e/ has to be attached at the end of the substantial genitive phrase. In this case, the genitive phrase must be applied asyndetically (= without the enclitical conjunction /-e/, see 10•۱•b.):